Introduction to Hydrology 4th Edition

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The paper reviews the practice of decentralisation of water management as a case study of polycentric participation in resource utilisation. It traces the changes that took place following the dismantling of colonial legislation on water management and adoption of policies , strategies advanced by international concerns such as the Integrated Water Resources Management principles.It concludes by suggesting pathways that can be followed to address some of the challenges met.

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water resources system have benefited both people and their economies for many centuries. The services provided by such systems are multiple. Yet in many regions, water resource systems are not able to meet the demands, or even the basic needs, for clean fresh water, nor can they support and maintain resilient biodiverse ecosystems. Typical causes of such failures include degraded infrastructures, excessive withdrawals of river flows, pollution from industrial and agricultural activities, eutrophication from excessive nutrient loads, salinization from irrigation return flows, infestations of exotic plants, and animals, eexcessive fish harvesting, floodplain and habitat alteration from development activities and changes in water and sediment flow regimes. Inadequate water resource systems reflect failures in planning, developing and managing water resource systems to ensure adequate, inexpensive and sustainable supplies and qualities of water for both humans and natural ecosystems can only be successful if such activities address the causal socio-economic factors, such as inadequate education, population pressures and proverty

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